Base Definitions: Table of Contents

• Introduction
  • Scope
  • Conformance
  • Normative References
  • Terminology
    • can
    • implementation-defined
    • legacy
    • may
    • shall
    • should
    • undefined
    • unspecified
  • Portability
    • Codes
    • Margin Code Notation
      • A Feature Dependent on One or Two Options
      • A Feature Dependent on Either of the Options Denoted
      • A Feature Dependent on More than Two Options
      • Large Sections Dependent on an Option
    • Footnotes
• Conformance
  • Implementation Conformance
    • Requirements
    • Documentation
    • POSIX Conformance
      • POSIX System Interfaces
      • POSIX Shell and Utilities
    • XSI Conformance
      • XSI System Interfaces
      • XSI Shell and Utilities Conformance
    • Option Groups
      • Subprofiling Considerations
      • XSI Option Groups
      • Encryption
      • Realtime
      • Advanced Realtime
      • Realtime Threads
      • Advanced Realtime Threads
      • Tracing
      • XSI STREAMS
      • Legacy
    • Options
      • System Interfaces
      • Shell and Utilities
  • Application Conformance
    • Strictly Conforming POSIX Application
    • Conforming POSIX Application
      • ISO/IEC Conforming POSIX Application
      • <National Body> Conforming POSIX Application
    • Conforming POSIX Application Using Extensions
    • Strictly Conforming XSI Application
    • Conforming XSI Application Using Extensions
  • Language-Dependent Services for the C Programming Language
  • Other Language-Related Specifications
    • Footnotes
• Definitions
  • Abortive Release
  • Absolute Pathname
  • Access Mode
  • Additional File Access Control Mechanism
  • Address Space
  • Advisory Information
  • Affirmative Response
  • Alert
  • Alert Character (<alert>)
  • Alias Name
  • Alignment
  • Alternate File Access Control Mechanism
  • Alternate Signal Stack
  • Ancillary Data
  • Angle Brackets
  • Application
  • Application Address
  • Application Program Interface (API)
  • Appropriate Privileges
  • Argument
  • Arm (a Timer)
  • Asterisk
  • Async-Cancel-Safe Function
  • Asynchronous Events
  • Asynchronous Input and Output
  • Async-Signal-Safe Function
  • Asynchronously-Generated Signal
  • Asynchronous I/O Completion
  • Asynchronous I/O Operation
  • Authentication
  • Authorization
  • Background Job
  • Background Process
  • Background Process Group (or Background Job)
  • Backquote
  • Backslash
  • Backspace Character (<backspace>)
  • Barrier
  • Base Character
  • Basename
  • Basic Regular Expression (BRE)
  • Batch Access List
  • Batch Administrator
  • Batch Client
  • Batch Destination
  • Batch Destination Identifier
  • Batch Directive
  • Batch Job
  • Batch Job Attribute
  • Batch Job Identifier
  • Batch Job Name
  • Batch Job Owner
  • Batch Job Priority
  • Batch Job State
  • Batch Name Service
  • Batch Name Space
  • Batch Node
  • Batch Operator
  • Batch Queue
  • Batch Queue Attribute
  • Batch Queue Position
  • Batch Queue Priority
  • Batch Rerunability
  • Batch Restart
  • Batch Server
  • Batch Server Name
  • Batch Service
  • Batch Service Request
  • Batch Submission
  • Batch System
  • Batch Target User
  • Batch User
  • Bind
  • Blank Character (<blank>)
  • Blank Line
  • Blocked Process (or Thread)
  • Blocking
  • Block-Mode Terminal
  • Block Special File
  • Braces
  • Brackets
  • Broadcast
  • Built-In Utility (or Built-In)
  • Byte
  • Byte Input/Output Functions
  • Carriage-Return Character (<carriage-return>)
  • Character
  • Character Array
  • Character Class
  • Character Set
  • Character Special File
  • Character String
  • Child Process
  • Circumflex
  • Clock
  • Clock Jump
  • Clock Tick
  • Coded Character Set
  • Codeset
  • Collating Element
  • Collation
  • Collation Sequence
  • Column Position
  • Command
  • Command Language Interpreter
  • Composite Graphic Symbol
  • Condition Variable
  • Connection
  • Connection Mode
  • Connectionless Mode
  • Control Character
  • Control Operator
  • Controlling Process
  • Controlling Terminal
  • Conversion Descriptor
  • Core File
  • CPU Time (Execution Time)
  • CPU-Time Clock
  • CPU-Time Timer
  • Current Job
  • Current Working Directory
  • Cursor Position
  • Datagram
  • Data Segment
  • Deferred Batch Service
  • Device
  • Device ID
  • Directory
  • Directory Entry (or Link)
  • Directory Stream
  • Disarm (a Timer)
  • Display
  • Display Line
  • Dollar Sign
  • Dot
  • Dot-Dot
  • Double-Quote
  • Downshifting
  • Driver
  • Effective Group ID
  • Effective User ID
  • Eight-Bit Transparency
  • Empty Directory
  • Empty Line
  • Empty String (or Null String)
  • Empty Wide-Character String
  • Encoding Rule
  • Entire Regular Expression
  • Epoch
  • Equivalence Class
  • Era
  • Event Management
  • Executable File
  • Execute
  • Execution Time
  • Execution Time Monitoring
  • Expand
  • Extended Regular Expression (ERE)
  • Extended Security Controls
  • Feature Test Macro
  • Field
  • FIFO Special File (or FIFO)
  • File
  • File Description
  • File Descriptor
  • File Group Class
  • File Mode
  • File Mode Bits
  • Filename
  • Filename Portability
  • File Offset
  • File Other Class
  • File Owner Class
  • File Permission Bits
  • File Serial Number
  • File System
  • File Type
  • Filter
  • First Open (of a File)
  • Flow Control
  • Foreground Job
  • Foreground Process
  • Foreground Process Group (or Foreground Job)
  • Foreground Process Group ID
  • Form-Feed Character (<form-feed>)
  • Graphic Character
  • Group Database
  • Group ID
  • Group Name
  • Hard Limit
  • Hard Link
  • Home Directory
  • Host Byte Order
  • Incomplete Line
  • Inf
  • Instrumented Application
  • Interactive Shell
  • Internationalization
  • Interprocess Communication
  • Invoke
  • Job
  • Job Control
  • Job Control Job ID
  • Last Close (of a File)
  • Line
  • Linger
  • Link
  • Link Count
  • Local Customs
  • Local Interprocess Communication (Local IPC)
  • Locale
  • Localization
  • Login
  • Login Name
  • Map
  • Marked Message
  • Matched
  • Memory Mapped Files
  • Memory Object
  • Memory-Resident
  • Message
  • Message Catalog
  • Message Catalog Descriptor
  • Message Queue
  • Mode
  • Monotonic Clock
  • Mount Point
  • Multi-Character Collating Element
  • Mutex
  • Name
  • Named STREAM
  • NaN (Not a Number)
  • Native Language
  • Negative Response
  • Network
  • Network Address
  • Network Byte Order
  • Newline Character (<newline>)
  • Nice Value
  • Non-Blocking
  • Non-Spacing Characters
  • NUL
  • Null Byte
  • Null Pointer
  • Null String
  • Null Wide-Character Code
  • Number Sign
  • Object File
  • Octet
  • Offset Maximum
  • Opaque Address
  • Open File
  • Open File Description
  • Operand
  • Operator
  • Option
  • Option-Argument
  • Orientation
  • Orphaned Process Group
  • Page
  • Page Size
  • Parameter
  • Parent Directory
  • Parent Process
  • Parent Process ID
  • Pathname
  • Pathname Component
  • Path Prefix
  • Pattern
  • Period
  • Permissions
  • Persistence
  • Pipe
  • Polling
  • Portable Character Set
  • Portable Filename Character Set
  • Positional Parameter
  • Preallocation
  • Preempted Process (or Thread)
  • Previous Job
  • Printable Character
  • Printable File
  • Priority
  • Priority Band
  • Priority Inversion
  • Priority Scheduling
  • Priority-Based Scheduling
  • Privilege
  • Process
  • Process Group
  • Process Group ID
  • Process Group Leader
  • Process Group Lifetime
  • Process ID
  • Process Lifetime
  • Process Memory Locking
  • Process Termination
  • Process-To-Process Communication
  • Process Virtual Time
  • Program
  • Protocol
  • Pseudo-Terminal
  • Radix Character
  • Read-Only File System
  • Read-Write Lock
  • Real Group ID
  • Real Time
  • Realtime Signal Extension
  • Real User ID
  • Record
  • Redirection
  • Redirection Operator
  • Reentrant Function
  • Referenced Shared Memory Object
  • Refresh
  • Regular Expression
  • Region
  • Regular File
  • Relative Pathname
  • Relocatable File
  • Relocation
  • Requested Batch Service
  • (Time) Resolution
  • Root Directory
  • Runnable Process (or Thread)
  • Running Process (or Thread)
  • Saved Resource Limits
  • Saved Set-Group-ID
  • Saved Set-User-ID
  • Scheduling
  • Scheduling Allocation Domain
  • Scheduling Contention Scope
  • Scheduling Policy
  • Screen
  • Scroll
  • Semaphore
  • Session
  • Session Leader
  • Session Lifetime
  • Shared Memory Object
  • Shell
  • Shell, the
  • Shell Script
  • Signal
  • Signal Stack
  • Single-Quote
  • Slash
  • Socket
  • Socket Address
  • Soft Limit
  • Source Code
  • Space Character (<space>)
  • Spawn
  • Special Built-In
  • Special Parameter
  • Spin Lock
  • Sporadic Server
  • Standard Error
  • Standard Input
  • Standard Output
  • Standard Utilities
  • Stream
  • STREAM
  • STREAM End
  • STREAM Head
  • STREAMS Multiplexor
  • String
  • Subshell
  • Successfully Transferred
  • Supplementary Group ID
  • Suspended Job
  • Symbolic Link
  • Synchronized Input and Output
  • Synchronized I/O Completion
  • Synchronized I/O Data Integrity Completion
  • Synchronized I/O File Integrity Completion
  • Synchronized I/O Operation
  • Synchronous I/O Operation
  • Synchronously-Generated Signal
  • System
  • System Crash
  • System Console
  • System Databases
  • System Documentation
  • System Process
  • System Reboot
  • System Trace Event
  • System-Wide
  • Tab Character (<tab>)
  • Terminal (or Terminal Device)
  • Text Column
  • Text File
  • Thread
  • Thread ID
  • Thread List
  • Thread-Safe
  • Thread-Specific Data Key
  • Tilde
  • Timeouts
  • Timer
  • Timer Overrun
  • Token
  • Trace Analyzer Process
  • Trace Controller Process
  • Trace Event
  • Trace Event Type
  • Trace Event Type Mapping
  • Trace Filter
  • Trace Generation Version
  • Trace Log
  • Trace Point
  • Trace Stream
  • Trace Stream Identifier
  • Trace System
  • Traced Process
  • Tracing Status of a Trace Stream
  • Typed Memory Name Space
  • Typed Memory Object
  • Typed Memory Pool
  • Typed Memory Port
  • Unbind
  • Unit Data
  • Upshifting
  • User Database
  • User ID
  • User Name
  • User Trace Event
  • Utility
  • Variable
  • Vertical-Tab Character (<vertical-tab>)
  • White Space
  • Wide-Character Code (C Language)
  • Wide-Character Input/Output Functions
  • Wide-Character String
  • Word
  • Working Directory (or Current Working Directory)
  • Worldwide Portability Interface
  • Write
  • XSI
  • XSI-Conformant
  • Zombie Process
  • ±0
• General Concepts
  • Concurrent Execution
  • Directory Protection
  • Extended Security Controls
  • File Access Permissions
  • File Hierarchy
  • Filenames
  • File Times Update
  • Host and Network Byte Orders
  • Measurement of Execution Time
  • Memory Synchronization
  • Pathname Resolution
  • Process ID Reuse
  • Scheduling Policy
  • Seconds Since the Epoch
  • Semaphore
    • Semaphore Lock Operation
    • Semaphore Unlock Operation
  • Thread-Safety
  • Tracing
  • Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions
    • Domain Error
    • Pole Error
    • Range Error
      • Result Overflows
      • Result Underflows
  • Treatment of NaN Arguments for the Mathematical Functions
  • Utility
  • Variable Assignment
• File Format Notation
  • Examples
• Character Set
  • Portable Character Set
  • Character Encoding
  • C Language Wide-Character Codes
  • Character Set Description File
    • Example
    • State-Dependent Character Encodings
• Locale
  • General
  • POSIX Locale
  • Locale Definition
    • LC_CTYPE
      • LC_CTYPE Category in the POSIX Locale
    • LC_COLLATE
      • The collating-element Keyword
      • The collating-symbol Keyword
      • The order_start Keyword
      • Collation Order
      • The order_end Keyword
      • LC_COLLATE Category in the POSIX Locale
    • LC_MONETARY
      • LC_MONETARY Category in the POSIX Locale
    • LC_NUMERIC
      • LC_NUMERIC Category in the POSIX Locale
    • LC_TIME
      • LC_TIME Locale Definition
      • LC_TIME C-Language Access
      • LC_TIME Category in the POSIX Locale
    • LC_MESSAGES
      • LC_MESSAGES Category in the POSIX Locale
  • Locale Definition Grammar
    • Locale Lexical Conventions
    • Locale Grammar
• Environment Variables
  • Environment Variable Definition
  • Internationalization Variables
  • Other Environment Variables
• Regular Expressions
  • Regular Expression Definitions
    • entire regular expression
    • matched
    • BRE (ERE) matching a single character
    • BRE (ERE) matching multiple characters
    • invalid
  • Regular Expression General Requirements
  • Basic Regular Expressions
    • BREs Matching a Single Character or Collating Element
    • BRE Ordinary Characters
    • BRE Special Characters
    • Periods in BREs
    • RE Bracket Expression
    • BREs Matching Multiple Characters
    • BRE Precedence
    • BRE Expression Anchoring
  • Extended Regular Expressions
    • EREs Matching a Single Character or Collating Element
    • ERE Ordinary Characters
    • ERE Special Characters
    • Periods in EREs
    • ERE Bracket Expression
    • EREs Matching Multiple Characters
    • ERE Alternation
    • ERE Precedence
    • ERE Expression Anchoring
  • Regular Expression Grammar
    • BRE/ERE Grammar Lexical Conventions
    • RE and Bracket Expression Grammar
    • ERE Grammar
• Directory Structure and Devices
  • Directory Structure and Files
  • Output Devices and Terminal Types
• General Terminal Interface
  • Interface Characteristics
    • Opening a Terminal Device File
    • Process Groups
    • The Controlling Terminal
    • Terminal Access Control
    • Input Processing and Reading Data
    • Canonical Mode Input Processing
    • Non-Canonical Mode Input Processing
      • Case A: MIN>0, TIME>0
      • Case B: MIN>0, TIME=0
      • Case C: MIN=0, TIME>0
      • Case D: MIN=0, TIME=0
    • Writing Data and Output Processing
    • Special Characters
    • Modem Disconnect
    • Closing a Terminal Device File
  • Parameters that Can be Set
    • The termios Structure
    • Input Modes
    • Output Modes
    • Control Modes
    • Local Modes
    • Special Control Characters
• Utility Conventions
  • Utility Argument Syntax
  • Utility Syntax Guidelines
• Headers
  • Format of Entries
  • <aio.h>
  • <arpa/inet.h>
  • <assert.h>
  • <complex.h>
  • <cpio.h>
  • <ctype.h>
  • <dirent.h>
  • <dlfcn.h>
  • <errno.h>
  • <fcntl.h>
  • <fenv.h>
  • <float.h>
  • <fmtmsg.h>
  • <fnmatch.h>
  • <ftw.h>
  • <glob.h>
  • <grp.h>
  • <iconv.h>
  • <inttypes.h>
  • <iso646.h>
  • <langinfo.h>
  • <libgen.h>
  • <limits.h>
  • <locale.h>
  • <math.h>
  • <monetary.h>
  • <mqueue.h>
  • <ndbm.h>
  • <net/if.h>
  • <netdb.h>
  • <netinet/in.h>
  • <netinet/tcp.h>
  • <nl_types.h>
  • <poll.h>
  • <pthread.h>
  • <pwd.h>
  • <regex.h>
  • <sched.h>
  • <search.h>
  • <semaphore.h>
  • <setjmp.h>
  • <signal.h>
  • <spawn.h>
  • <stdarg.h>
  • <stdbool.h>
  • <stddef.h>
  • <stdint.h>
  • <stdio.h>
  • <stdlib.h>
  • <string.h>
  • <strings.h>
  • <stropts.h>
  • <sys/ipc.h>
  • <sys/mman.h>
  • <sys/msg.h>
  • <sys/resource.h>
  • <sys/select.h>
  • <sys/sem.h>
  • <sys/shm.h>
  • <sys/socket.h>
  • <sys/stat.h>
  • <sys/statvfs.h>
  • <sys/time.h>
  • <sys/timeb.h>
  • <sys/times.h>
  • <sys/types.h>
  • <sys/uio.h>
  • <sys/un.h>
  • <sys/utsname.h>
  • <sys/wait.h>
  • <syslog.h>
  • <tar.h>
  • <termios.h>
  • <tgmath.h>
  • <time.h>
  • <trace.h>
  • <ucontext.h>
  • <ulimit.h>
  • <unistd.h>
  • <utime.h>
  • <utmpx.h>
  • <wchar.h>
  • <wctype.h>
  • <wordexp.h>